L
inguistic diversity as a general context, and individual and societal multilingualism as consequences of this context, are emerging as major issues for institutions (states, regional and local authorities, inter- and supranational organisations) and citizens at large, whether as individuals, firms, or civil society organisations. Let us refer to all these actors collectively as “stakeholders”. Stakeholders have to navigate complex interconnected demands at many levels (mentioned here without any implication regarding their relative importance), including education and training, family, interpersonal relationships, work and employment, production, consumption, and participation in social and political life, all of this in a world that is rapidly changing– also in terms of expectations regarding language skills and language use.